This may sound super geeky, but as I read about all of these theories and "laws of sound" I often wonder why they actually occur. To aid in my understanding of them, I often resort back to my knowledge in Math and Physics (Took AP AB Calc, AP Physics I, and AP Physics II) to really figure out how/why they work. Below are a few of my progressions into explaining why something acts the way it does:

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Proximity Effect

Math Behind Phase

Moving Coil

SPL

Capacitor Mics